Concept Analysis Cultural Marginality in Nursing

Introduction 21st century nursing is an evolving, rewarding, but challenging occupation. Unlike nurses in the past, the modern nurses role is not limited to the physicians assistant, but rather takes on a critical partnership role with both doctor and patient. This role is multicimensional: advocate, caregiver, teacher, researcher, counselor, translator, and case manager. Of course, care is of the upmost importance and includes those activities that assist the client physically mentally and emotionally. This requires a holistic approach to the patient as a person, not a disease, number or statistic. Ironically, the idea of holism in health care is not a new philosophy, but one advocated by Florence Nightengale in the early 19th century. Ever more important today, it focuses on promoting health and wellness, advocating for the patient, assisting healing and preventing suffering clearly a theory of nursing care (Tourville Ingalls, 2003). At times, the complexity of multiple horizontal priorities in modern healthcare make it necessary to assess different aspects of nursing practice. Using nursing theory and scholarship can help aid a nurses toolbox as well as keep the nurse current with practice and philosophical ideas. Case histories, for instance, provide a way to examine different aspects of nursing theory with tangible, tactical solutions, as well as points for strategic discussion. Nursing theory provides the tools, and concept analysis helps us understand the wayShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesAssociate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ soun d scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalnessRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Faar Free Essays

Jamie Schiller English 114 09/12/12 Difficulty Paper 1 â€Å"If one thinks of cultures, or literatures, as discrete, coherently structured, monolingual edifices, Guaman Poma’s text, and indeed any autoethnographic work, appears anomalous or chaotic – as it apparently did to the European scholars Pietschmann spoke to in 1912. If one does not think of cultures this way, then Guanman Poma’s text is simply heterogeneous, as the Andean region was itself and remains today. Such a text is heterogeneous on the reception end as well as the production end: it will read very differently to people in different positions in the contact zone. We will write a custom essay sample on Faar or any similar topic only for you Order Now (page 492) I found this passage difficult because it uses many terms that I was only introduced to when I started reading Mary Louise Pratt’s essay. It is hard to follow because it uses difficult terms and packs a lot of information into a small amount of writing. Mary Louise Pratt introduces several concepts in the same passage, which was both overwhelming and distracting. It was difficult to understand the passage in its entirety the first time I read it, but after rereading the passage several times and giving it some thought, I think I may have a better understanding of what the author was trying to convey to her audience. I think that Mary Louise Pratt is saying that Guanman Poma’s text can be interpreted in more than one way. She uses the term â€Å"heterogeneous†, which means incongruous or unlike. This suggests that the text was complex and thus could easily be misinterpreted. If two people each have a different perspective of a certain society or culture is different from someone else’s, they probably will not share the same understanding of Poma’s work. Guanman Poma’s letters to the king were written in two languages. This could be a reason why people who view cultures as â€Å"coherently structured, monolingual edifices† may find his work chaotic and confusing. The European scholars the Pietschmann spoke to in 1912 would not have been able to fully understand Guanman Poma’s work because they do not possess transcultural understanding. The part of the passage that states that, â€Å"If one does not think of cultures this way, then Guanman Poma’s text is simply heterogeneous, as the Andean region was itself and remains today,† suggests that those who come from a â€Å"contact zone†, where two different cultures intermingle, would be able to understand Guanman Poma’s message more easily. This might be caused by the fact that they are familiar with more than one culture existing together and therefore would not be confused or overwhelmed by Poma’s letters. This passage connects to the rest of Pratt’s essay because it talks about autoethnographic texts and transcultration. Pratt introduced both of these terms in her essay because she views them as â€Å"the phenomenon of the contact zone. † How to cite Faar, Essay examples

Womans Rights free essay sample

Over the course of the last 200 years women’s roles have undergone a number of political and social transitions. From having little to no â€Å"control over their own lives† (Applebee) to gaining equality in the political and social arenas, the historical study of women in the United States is one without comparison. In the early to mid 1800’s women played a minimal role in life. They had little education; after marriage they were to stay at home and only do housework. They could not vote, be a part of the jury, had little education, and no employment. In 1836, the first women abolitionists appeared: Sarah and Angelina Emily Grimke. Angelina wrote An Appeal to Christian Women of the South. This called upon women to overthrow this horrible system of oppression and cruelty. Very few men supported their movement. The next movement was the Temperance Movement. This movement was the effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Womans Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the 19th century; alcohol was used for everything but very few people saw drunkenness as a problem; yet, those behind the temperance movement did. â€Å"They held rallies, produced pamphlets, and brought about a decline in consumption of alcohol that would continue into the 1860s† (Bowes). Girls had few education opportunities; it was said â€Å"if women knew chemistry enough to have ‘the water boil in a pot’ was enough for women† (Bowes). The first women’s school was opened in 1821. In 1837 higher education was offered for women. African American women were forced out of schools and some schools were shut down if they provided education for black women. Towards the mid 19th century, educated women began health reforms. Research found that for every four women three were ill and one was healthy. The tight, multi-layered clothing and hot weather made it unhealthy for women. It was recommended that the women wear looser clothing; men were outraged and repulsed when women began to wear pants. Women’s rights emerged in the mid 19th century. Many reform movements fed the growth of the women’s movement. It provided women with increased opportunities to act outside their homes. The first women’s rights convention was held in New York; it was named Seneca Falls. Nearly 300 women and men gathered at Wesleyan Methodist Church. Lucy Stone’s sister wrote,â€Å"I can’t vote, but what care I for that, I would not if I could† (Bowes). The Sojourner Truth was the next act for women’s rights. The conditions for slaves worsened, so Isabella Baumfree took the name Sojourner Truth. She decided to sojourn or travel around the country spreading the word of abolition. She argued with others in women’s rights because she believed in abolition. Truth won the argument with her speech, which urged men to support women’s rights. In the 1960s, new women’s movements arose with feminism. Feminism is â€Å"the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men† (Bowes). This won women’s right to vote in 1920, though women’s rights declined after this achievement but reopened in the 1960s. In the 1950s one out of three women worked wages, and women’s opportunities opened but they were still very shut out. Womens jobs paid very poorly, but by 1960s women wages increased by 40 percent. Most jobs for women were clerical work, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing. Women were often pushed to the side until President Kennedy addressed the problem in 1961. â€Å"As the women’s rights grew, it achieved remarkable and enduring political and social gains for women† (Bowes). In 1963, Betty Friedan wrote the book The Feminine Mystique, this book encouraged housewives to begin meeting to discuss their lives and their roles in society. In 1966 a group was established named National Organization for Women (NOW). This group of women fought for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Their goal was â€Å"to take action to bring American women into full participation in the main stream of American society now† (Cayton et al). They wanted fair pay and equal job opportunities; they wanted more balance in marriages. This was the fastest growing group in women rights. Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendments in 1972. This amendment states that women and men would share the same and equal rights; this was said to be â€Å"simple justice† (Bowes). A Stop ERA campaign was started in 1972. Phyllis Schlafly believed that ERA would lead to a â€Å"parade of horribles,† like drafting women, laws protecting homemakers, the end of husband’s responsibility to provide for their family, and same sex marriages. In order to get rid of ERA and pro-abortion supporters, conservatives formed the â€Å"pro-family† movement or the New Right. The New Rights and Women’s Rights clashed over ERA, but by 1977 women’s rights had the approval of 35 of the 38 states needed for the movement. By 1982, ERA had went down in defeat. In 1983, women’s rights held 13. 5 percent of elected state offices as well as 24 seats in the United States Congress.

Stranger with a Camera Essay Example For Students

Stranger with a Camera Essay To the audience watching the film â€Å" Stranger With a Camera,† many wonder to what extent does the filmmaker, Elizabeth Barret’s personal connection to the town lead to a bias in the film? Filmmakers and paparazzi have a large amount of power because of their ability to simply alter the stories they publish. Did Barret alter the truth of what happened between Hugh O’Connor and Hobart Ison? This fact plays a key role in Elizabeth Barrets film Stranger with a Camera and allows the question to arise. Since most people take in the media with a grain of salt because the media never provides the full truth, then to what extent would the filmmakers in â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† have been able to document the stories of Hobart Ison and Hugh O’Conner and also the poverty in Appalachia without portraying a Bias? Although it may be easy to assume a bias knowing Elizabeth Barret’s personal connection to the town, in Stranger with a Camera, Barret did an excellent job at exploring the multiple perspectives of the situation in the film while keeping her views open-ended. We will write a custom essay on Stranger with a Camera specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Barret decided to include herself in the film because she was able to personally understand what was going on in the town as well as relate to the filmmaker’s dilemmas. â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† portrays a poor community in the coal-mining heart of Appalachia that attracted mass media attention that turned Appalachia into an icon in the nation’s War on Poverty. The area was analyzed thru the different cultures and how each culture collided with another. But how the town and cultures were being depicted angered many locals. There was a situation where a picture of a child was published and it gave the impression he was consuming dirt because he wasn’t fed properly. This angered the locals because everyone knew the child was actually fed properly and the media was portraying lies about the town. The town’s people were furiously angered because they knew that the stories they saw published about their community were not being portrayed truthfully and certain characteristics were being left out. When creating the film, Elizabeth Barret explored questions such as; what is the difference between how people see their home and how others represent it? As a storyteller, what are your responsibilities? Is it the filmmaker’s job to just tell what they see or give an analytical perspective? In Clifford Geertz excerpt â€Å"The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man† Geertz gives an effort to make the point that the concept of culture is the definition of man. In the essay, Geertz criticizes the popular analogy of a man and his culture as a form of an onion. Geertz gives several problems with this analogy, the most important the lack of true human and second that such universals cannot be attached to biological, psychological, or social organizations (Geertz, 38). So how does Geertz arguments relate to Elizabeth Barret’s approach in â€Å"Stranger With a Camera? † Elizabeth Barret displays how the media only cover events they want the public to see. If the eyes behind the camera feel the need to exaggerate or alter what they see through the lens, then they have the frightening capability of doing so. Barret’s approach answers the previous questioned on how things are being depicted are viewed by different audiences and Geertz arguments supports the social consequences of the two cultures collided because Geertz argues that such universals cannot be attached to social organizations, which we see from the two different cultures in the town. When it comes to the media, the consumer is typically told a stretched out and twisted version of the truth. Audiences must learn to question to what extent the material we view is believable and become comfortable with the ambivalence that comes with the media’s stories. .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .postImageUrl , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:visited , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:active { border:0!important; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:active , .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40 .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud30a59649a2ce75f12e6682aa62bcf40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex and the City: Feminist Fake? EssayAlong with almost everyone else, most people can personally relate to this as viewers. Growing up in a world that consists and communicates mainly through the media, one must grow up to understand that the pictures and the articles we read, are most likely not telling us the full truth. People must develop a sense of ambivalence towards the material we see in the media. The media challenges viewers to decide if what they are viewing is true of false. In Greetz excerpt, he states that culture is the central ingredient in what makes us human rather than a later added addition (Geertz, 47). We can use this claim by Geertz to analyze Elizabeth Barret’s connection to the town and its culture and how she used to portray the film. Barret lived closely to where the filmmakers were working so she was able to relate to how the local’s felt when they saw their community being dishonestly reflected in the media. Some locals were optimistic at first that the media attention would bring change or help to their town. While most others were enraged by the attention they were receiving and how their community was falsely being portrayed to the rest of the world. Barret found that the films being made of the people in Appalachia were insulting because they strictly focused on making the poor people look poorer as opposed to emphasizing the wealth of who these people were. Because of this she was able to understand where Hobert Ison’s indignation came from. Barret’s film is all about the media manipulating what they photograph therefore it makes sense in Barret’s her choice to include her own filmmaking perspectives because it gave the film a more believable aspect. Barret analyzes the conflicting perspectives from the filmmakers and the locals. Specifically, Barret displays Hugh O’Conner, the filmmaker’s intentions verses Hobert Ison, the landowner’s rage. O’Conner was very much a people person who traveled frequently. Hobert was a hunter and a good carpenter who was well respected in his town. However he was very proud of his land and did not appreciate anyone messing with it, which was exactly what O’Conner and the filmmakers did. After there had already been quite some attention brought to the town, most of the residents there were irate. Anyone who saw their home or community in the media shone in a light that they knew to be fallacious would be as well. Eventually this led to Hobert shooting and killing O’Conner with his gun because O’Conner was shooting Hobert with his camera. A quote from the film that was said by Colin Low who is part of the National Film Board of Canada said, â€Å"A camera is like a gun, it’s threatening†. The filmmakers were using their â€Å"guns† on Hobert’s land and in response he fired his gun back at them. The camera is an invasive and exploitive device. Hobert had felt invaded and threatened by the multiple cameras in his town while the filmmakers where merely doing their job to cover a story. Barret conducted multiple interviews analyzing the perspectives from O’Conner’s daughter and other filmmakers, along with the locals from the town who knew Hobert. She displayed that as the filmmakers may have been intrusive, their only task that they were attempting to accomplish was to cover a story. Hubert was undoubtedly wrong to take O’Conner’s life but pertaining to the situation however, his actions were considered understandable. Barret was successfully able to display the multiple perspectives from the story while keeping the overall perspective of the film open-ended. Barret did not forcibly set out to show the viewer why her opinionated views were right. Her main goal was simply to cover and analyze the entirety of each perspective of the situation through her film. She successfully accomplished this goal because she was able to keep the opinions open-ended and develop multiple questions for the viewer. â€Å"Stranger with a Camera† tells a story about a fatal shooting and viewers analyze what led Hobart Ison to shoot Hugh O’Connor? .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .postImageUrl , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:visited , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:active { border:0!important; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:active , .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6da32eab98cab97f62d3b543fbb340b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - Rachel Getting Married EssayA quote from Cifford Geertz’s excerpt says, culture provides the link between what men are intrinsically capable of becoming and what they actually, one by one, in fact become (Geertz, 52). We can use this quote to analyze why Hobart Ison decided to shoot Hugh O’Connor and the aftermath of the shooting. After Hobert had fired his gun he came to be considered a hero in that small town. Hobert was only sentenced to ten years in prison but was paroled after only one. This is strange because criminals typically serve a much more severe punishment after taking another’s life. The film stated how it was almost impossible to find a suitable jury because Hobert’s whole community rallied behind him even though he had shot someone. If someone’s life is taken out of an enraged act that draws attention to an obvious issue, then should his or her punishment be any less? Barret portrays how both sides, the filmmakers and Hobert, were pushing their limits. Barret vividly demonstrated what happens when those generic borders are pushed. The filmmakers were pushing the Hobert’s property line along with the integrity of the town. In return, Hobert definitely was pushing the boundaries of the law when he pulled that trigger. What Hobert did was wrong but in the context he got off with a rather fair punishment. Hobert knew that what the filmmakers were doing was wrong and although he had an aggressive way of dealing with it, brought attention the how bad the occurring issue was. While some may still believe Barret’s connection to the town led to a bias portrayal, Barret gives multiple angles to every story and did a respectable job at explaining the many varying sides of this one. Barret was able to capture this aspect in her film because she leaves us to question what the responsibilities of anyone who takes images of others and puts them to their own uses are.

J.G. Ballards texts Essays

J.G. Ballards texts Essays J.G. Ballards texts Essay J.G. Ballards texts Essay Essay Topic: All Quiet On the Western Front House on Mango Street Empire of the Sun is a novel that takes the reader to the pre and post World War 11, and the repercussions of the detonation of the atom bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, through the eyes of a very young British boy trapped in a war where there are no winners.The novel is a first hand description of most of the experiences of the author J.G. Ballard who was interned there from 1942 to 1945 in the same prison camps mentioned in the book. It is a profound and moving account of what it was like to be a boy in Japanese occupied Shanghai at wartime.J.G. Ballards texts have a great deal in common with each other. The Guardian said he is a writer who can be relied upon. He rarely writes much below his best, and if you develop a taste for his preoccupations you will find it satisfied by any of his earlier four books. Clearly this opinion gives the reader the impression that the novel is regarded as impressive and should be enjoyed by the reader. The Guardian went as far to say, indeed, it could be said that if there is still room for a masterpiece about the Second World War, then this is it. Like other masterpieces it gains its initial effect in standing at a slightly oblique and unexpected angle to its subject matter.Ballards heightened sensitivity to violence, as well as the corollary themes of isolation and social chaos, which permeate much of his work, may well have its roots in his childhood in wartime China. Ballards rich metaphoric prose and his emphasis on psychological and technological themes make him a somewhat unique and impressive figure in contemporary literature.Due to the theme being war, the reader can expect the language to be predominately harsh and somewhat vile, this use of language reflects the feelings people have towards war, and the feelings the characters would have felt towards the war. The text can be considered as somewhat surreal writing, that beguiles the reader with its gentleness, yet forces the reader to confr ont many atrocious episodes concerning the sick, the dying and the dead. The fact that the reader sees them from a childs perspective makes the descriptions even viler and explicitly shocking. His explicit use of language, and his crude descriptions of the events that occur, lead me to the conclusion that Ballard is unemotionally detached from this story, the events are his memories, yet he doesnt appear to put any feeling into the characters, this is especially the case within Jim. There are several occasions, where Jim witnesses brutal behaviour, yet no emotions of remorse or feelings of pity are apparent.Ballard conveys a sense of place, through his descriptions of the different nationalities that are present within the novel. The protagonist British characters are described as stoical throughout the war. The descriptions given presented of the Chinese give the setting of Shanghai. They are constantly described as insignificant people who only survive from the money that the Brit ish inject into the country. The Japanese, the nation whom instigated the war are seen as the people that give some of the characters hope. This is the case especially for Jim. Their bravery and stoicism impress him. The descriptions given of the Japanese convey a sense of atmosphere. The actions they take create the feelings of many of the characters.The American and Japanese planes are for Jim a symbolism of hope and freedom. Although he idolises the Japanese kamikaze pilots, the sites of the American planes symbolise and signify the end of the war.The novel begins prior to the attack on Pearl Harbour. The significance of the reader recognising this event is clear, as there are many references to the way in which this attack is publicised. To Jims dismay, even the Dean of Shanghai Cathedral had equipped himself with an antique projector. This shows the reader that war was a part of life for the people of Shanghai. This point is emphasised by the opening lines of the novel, Wars ca me early to Shanghai, overtaking each other like the tides that raced up the Yangtze. The dropping of the atom bomb is clearly another significant, event that the reader is supposed to recognise. The descriptions of the event given is complex and in thorough detail. But a flash of light filled the Stadium, flaring over the stands as if an immense American bomb had exploded somewhere to the northeast of Shanghai. Jim smiled at the Japanese, wishing that he could tell him that the light was a premonition of his death, the sight of his small soul joining the larger soul of the dying world. To Jim, the event of the atom bomb was symbolic for the death that was coming to him, and the death that had already reached many, his delirium had reached the stage that disallowed him to realise that the light he was seeing was literally a bomb sent from the Americans.Although Jim is a British boy of the wartime, he has distanced himself from the reality of the war. War as seen through the eyes of a child is an exhilarating and mysterious experience that rarely can be related to reality. The childlike disbelief that war will actually occur is evident many times throughout the novel, Sometimes the Pathe newsreels from England gave him the impression that, despite their unbroken series of defeats; the British people were thoroughly enjoying the war. It is clear that war to the British at this stage of the novel was considered a form of entertainment. The fact that whilst Jim was watching the newsreels, all he could think about was going to Dr. Lockwoods party, clearly shows the distance Jim has to the war.Shanghai during the time the novel was set, was inhabited by British, American and French people. These people were the upper class society of China. They were mainly there for their large firms that operated internationally. China was a colony of the British Empire, something, which greatly tormented the Japanese people as they felt they should be the owner of China. This gre at amount of upper class people had taken over China, and the local inhabitants had become almost inhuman and insignificant. This fact is clear throughout the novel. The opening paragraph demonstrates this sheer insignificance of this nationality of people. Wars came early to Shanghai, overtaking each other like the tides that raced up the Yangtze and returned to this gaudy city all the coffins cast adrift from the funeral piers of the Chinese Bund. The poverty of the Chinese is demonstrated here, the reader is aware that the Chinese cannot even afford to bury their dead. This description is symbolic for the majority of the Chinese race. Their bodies drift away in the wooden coffins, yet are always brought back by the tide, it is almost as if for the Chinese, there is no escape from this land that submises them so greatly. The imagery of the floating corpses introduces the theme of death and survival that pervades the novel.Jims attitude to the Chinese is demonstrated by one simple thing that he says, Amah, dont touch it! Ill kill you! Clearly Jim has no respect for his Chinese slave, he assumes that he has enough power over her to order her death. The beggar outside Jims house demonstrates the social difference between the Chinese and Western European classes. Usually his mother would caution Yang to avoid the old beggar who lay at the end of the drive. But as Yang swung the heavy car through the gates, barely pausing before he accelerated along Amherst Avenue, Jim saw that the front wheel had crushed the mans foot. Even though the reader is aware that Jim has seen this happen to the old beggar, he doesnt appear to show any remorse or guilt towards the man, this lack of feelings is shown again when Jim witnesses the beheadings. The description given of the beheading is in great detail, but Jim doesnt demonstrate that he has any emotions about this public inhumane act. Usually Jim would have paused to observe the crowd, Jim watched the coolies and the pheasan t women staring at the headless bodies. Jim is observing the situation in a manner that suggests to the reader that he is used to this sort of behaviour. This fact supports the stereotype that Ballard has as a detached and unemotional writer. Jims lack of emotion would appear almost abnormal to a reader, as a child would be usually upset and more respectful towards the dead, regardless of their nationality. Jims detachment from reality is once again demonstrated.Dr. Lockwoods party shows a strong contrast between the predominant nationalities within the novel. The British are indulging in extravagant parties, as a war is occurring. The party is full of British people dressed in bright exotic outfits, the entertainment consists of Cantonese acrobats climbing their comical ladders and pretending to disappear into the sky. The party is nothing short of what would be expected from the rich Westerners, but readers may regard it as somewhat insensitive to the war situation. The Chinese th at are there are quietly removing a dead oriole from the deep end of the now drained swimming-pool. There are twenty Chinese women, dressed in black tunics and trousers, each on a miniature stool. They are sat shoulder-to-shoulder, weeding knives flashing at the grass, while keeping up an unstoppable chatter. Ironically, although the war is occurring, the Chinese people are still working as servants for the British; this shows the lack of importance of the Chinese in comparison to the British who are spending their time at a lavish party.It is during the party that Jims admiration of Japanese pilots first emerges. Whilst exploring an abandoned plane, Jim has his first encounter with the Japanese soldiers. He was about to jump from the blockhouse, when he noticed that a face was looking up at him from the trench. A fully armed Japanese soldier squatted by the broken earth wall, his rifle, webbing and ground sheet laid out beside him as if ready for inspection. An entire company of J apanese infantry was resting in this old battlefield, as if re-equipping itself from the dead of an earlier war, ghosts of their former comrades risen from the grave and issued with fresh uniforms and rations. The Japanese appear to be like predators from this description, it is as if they are lying in wait for there pray, this is something that later in the novel Jim begins to admire. The descriptions given of the three nationalities, is a great contrast to what their lives are like within Lunghua Camp. There is almost a role reversal between the British and Chinese, and between the British and the Japanese.The Japanese, the instigators of the war, ironically are greatly admired by Jim, a boy from a nationality who would be considered one of their vast amount of enemies. This admiration comes in many forms throughout this novel. Jim was impressed by their bravery and stoicism, and their sadness which struck a curious chord with him, who was never sad. Although Jim deeply admired th e Japanese, his admiration for them grew stronger due to them having the things he didnt. Food the main attributer to life, was something that Jim lacked, and the Japanese had As they smoked their cigarettes the Japanese smiled to themselves, watching Jim devour the shreds of fatty rice. The Japanese soldier who had taken pity on Jim, recognising that this small boy was starving, began to laugh good-naturedly, and pulled the rubber plug from his metal water-bottle. Food is power within this period of time, it is therefore as if the Japanese are in control of all, they control Jim, but fortunately for him, they do not abuse this power. Due to the kindness of the Japanese soldiers, Jims admiration for them has grown. They have helped his survival. This relationship that Jim has with the Japanese occurs many times within the novel.Private Kimura is example of Jim bonding with a Japanese soldier. Private Kimuras kindness to Jim is clear within the form of many events that occur within t he time that they know each other. Private Kimura had grown almost as much as Jim in his years at the camp. Jims admiration for the Japanese soldier had been noticed and this admiration was fed by Private Kimura often inviting Jim to the bungalow he shared with three other guards and allowed him to wear his kendo armour. This kindness to Jim is later contrasted by the brutal beating of the Chinese Coolie. Like many of Jims previously detailed and dispassionate descriptions of brutal behaviour, the coolies beating isnt described any differently. Private Kimura walked behind the rickshaw and kicked the wooden seat, hurling the vehicle against the coolies legs, raising their staves, they each struck him a blow on the head, then strolled away as if deep in thought. Jim whilst watching this horrid event appeared disconcerned he is described to be wondering whether to read an article about Winston Churchill. All of the British internees of the camp are described to be unconcerned and only sit and observe the event, this demonstrates the differences of nationality status, although the Chinese and the British are both prisoners of war, under the Japanese authority, the Chinese are not given the right to be in a camp and to be looked after, even during times of war, they are inferior to the British and the Americans. The fact that no British internee would help the Chinese coolie shows their sheer unimportance within the eyes of the British. Jims upbringing is questionable here. Is he so disconcerned about the brutal event, as he has been hardened by war, or is he so disconcerned due to him being used to this kind of behaviour bestowed upon the Chinese. The most likely answer would be that he is used to this insignificance for Human life regardless of nationality.The Americans role within the novel is to bring hope. Jim is the predominant character that symbolises this hope. The first American characters to be introduced demonstrate this. Basie and Frank, appear to be using the war as a way to make money, they appear to be disconcerned for their own safety. Frank says that Basie wants to stay in Shanghai now the Japs are here. He thinks we can make a pile of money once we get to the camps. Dr Ransome, someone whom isnt particularly fond of Basie tells Jim that its a good thing that youre friends with Basie. Hes a survivor, though survivors can be dangerous.Many internees consider the American blocks within the camp as the place to be, the place where everything is happening. Jim liked the Americans and approved of them in every way. Whenever he entered this enclave of irony and good humour his spirits rose. There they lay on their bunks and entertained a steady stream of adolescent girls, single British women and even a few wives drawn to them for reasons not very different from Jims. The Americans were clearly the idealised nationality within the camp that held a presence that made them appear to not have any cares in the world, this presence ke pt many people alive. The Americans symbolised hope, this hope for Jim, came within the shape of the American warplanes. Fearsome American planes emerged like pieces of the sun. Jim reflected that the prisoners ought to celebrate, throw their clogs in the air, seize the air raid siren and play it back at the incoming American planes. Although for the prisoners, this should have been a great moment, it wasnt. The repercussions of the war had taken its toll on many of the prisoners, and many like Jim were almost scared to leave the camp, for fear of what life without routine and rules would be like again.The British internees at Lunghua Camp, unlike the Americans refuse to take in the facts that they are prisoners of war, this is evident by due to the fact that they have named parts of the camp after British roads and places. The Vincents, the people whom Jim shared a room with, completely disregarded Jim, even though nationality wise he was one of there own. Mrs Vincent is described as treating Jim like her Number Two Coolie, and he was well aware that he tolerated this for reasons he barely understood. Ironically, the British who treat all Chinese with disrespect are treating Jim one of their own, in the same manner. The fact that Jim is only a child makes the situation even more callus. Mrs Vincent a woman who is already a mother, is pushing away a young boy, and not giving him any help what so ever. The curtain that the Vincents have up within the room is a clear indicator to Jim and to the audience that the Vincents do not want any part in Jims life. They do want to face the realities of war and work together, they want to remain a happy, private family.The British before the war, were described as being lavish and exotic people, they are now within the camp, shown to be the people who are the more feeble race. They are constantly described to be sat in their own excrement, something, which by many is considered to be degrading, and generally an embarrassin g situation. The old women lay in the pools of urine at their husbands feet. The English brothers huddled against Basie while Mrs Hug leaned on her fathers knees. This description is a complete contrast to the previous way in which the British people were described, this description is somewhat similar to the constant way in which the Chinese people are thought of and said to be like.Mr Maxted and Dr Ransome two of the central British characters within the novel are separated from the typical British people. They are both characters that give the other internees hope. They both take on roles of responsibility within the camp. Dr Ransome is not only a doctor for the people, along with Basie; he is Jims tutor. He therefore provides medical help for internees and mental stimulation for Jim. He could therefore be considered as a person of power within the camp, he has to some extent the power to maintain peoples health, and with regards to Jim, he has the power of knowledge.Mr Maxted, t owards the beginning of the novel, is described as a very easygoing man, Jim admired Mr Maxted, an architect turned entrepreneur who had designed the Metropole Theatre and numerous Shanghai nightclubs. Jim often tried to imitate his raffish manner, but soon found that being so relaxed was exhausting work, Mr Maxted was the perfect type of Englishman who had adapted himself to Shanghai. Mr Maxted is clearly an easygoing person, whom is adaptable to many situations. This attribute would help any person survive within the camp circumstances. Mr Maxted on many occasions assists Jim with getting food, making sure he is okay, tasks that an almost father figure would do. Mr Maxted can therefore be considered as a father figure to Jim that remains calm and collected, for the benefit of Jim and many others. Even with the foreboding events that lead to the death of Mr Maxted, he remains calm and gives Jim hope, in every situation possible. Good lad, Jamie you hang on. Mr Maxted is remaining hopeful for the sake of this young boy, whom without people to keep him occupied and hopeful, would more than likely be drawing near to his end.Jim although a British born character, adopts and idolises many other nationality traits. Jims dream is to become a Japanese pilot; this is ironic, as it is the Japanese who are keeping the British people within confinement. On numerous occasions, Jim tells the internees of Lunghua Camp, that he wishes to be a Japanese Kamikaze pilot, and how he admires their bravery and stoicism. Jims cultural upbringing and multicultural town, make him aware of cultural traits and differences between people from different nationalities. As he is only a young boy, Jim would be more inclined to adopt some of these multicultural traits and admire them; therefore his admiration for the Japanese isnt unexpected.Jims friendship with the young Japanese pilot makes the reader look upon the Japanese in a not so harsh light. The Japanese raised his wooden stake. Lik e a sleeper waking from a dream, he hurled it into the nettles. As Jim flinched, he reached into the waist-pocket of his flight overalls and drew out a small mango.Jim took the yellow fruit from the pilots calloused hand. The mango was still warm from his body. This act of kindness shown from the young Japanese pilot, shows the reader that the Japanese are not all cruel people, although they instigated this particular war, they are at war as well, things concerning food etc, are a problem for them to, and the fact that he has given Jim this exotic piece of fruit demonstrates the Japaneses kindness.The novels ends on a somewhat sombre note, although Shanghai has returned to the normal bustling city that it used to be, Jim has grown up and begun to notice the horrors of it, he has in many ways become aware of the horrors that the Chinese suffer from day to day. Jims confinement within the war has opened up his mind to what is right and wrong in respect to the way in which people are t reated. When he witnesses the British and American sailors urinating down the steps, this new awareness becomes evident. Fifty feet below them, the Chinese watched without comment as the arcs of urine formed a foaming stream that ran down the street. When it reached the pavement the Chinese stepped back, their faces expressionless. Jim glanced at the people around him, the clerks and coolies and peasant women, well aware of what they were thinking. One day China would punish the rest of the world, and take a frightening revenge. Jims time within the camp has made him realise that the Chinese are actually alive, their existence has actually become noticeable to Jim, and he now disagrees with the cruel treatment that he once issued onto them.The final paragraph of the novel is very similar to the beginning paragraph, except the mood is greatly different. The description unlike many in the book appears to have a sense of sadness and feeling to it. Previously when the Chinese coffins we re described, a brief description was just given, whereas now, the description ends driven once again to the shores of this terrible city. This feeling added to the final description given of Shanghai, makes the ending of the book powerful. Ballard known not to include any feeling into his work, ends his story with an impact on the reader, they are aware that Jim feels a sense of sadness and possible hatred to the city that he once thought was a great place to be.This novel is a first hand description of a war experience, and is therefore considered by many as a masterpiece. This novel leaves nothing to the imagination, everything is described in great detail, and in a way that paints a picture in the readers mind. This effective use of detached unemotional memories makes the descriptions powerful and creates emotions within the reader.This novel is considered by the Guardian as above all, a book of triumph and truthfulness of tone. Ballards rich metaphoric prose and his emphasis on psychological and technological themes make him a somewhat unique and impressive figure in contemporary literature. Ballards work although considered by many as somewhat grotesque, is thoroughly enjoyed by many today as a great novel, I would agree with this, it is interesting to read, and every word and description grips the readers attention.

Narrative Essays

Narrative Essays Narrative Essays As a mode of critical essay writing, the narrative approach, offers writers to think and write about themselves. All of us have experiences that are worth to share with essay readers. Writing an essay on narrative essay topics you tell a story. There are many ways to write narrative essays and you should either follow the format required by your teacher or develop the one you feel comfortable with. To involve the reader in your story, make your college narrative essay writing vivid and emotional. Provide the essay reader with detailed information. You may write an essay in the form of a story relying on personal experiences. Narrative essays writing is usually filled with details and English essay writers use the technique of storytelling based on plot, characterization, setting, etc. If you do not know how to write a critical essay, read the below example of narrative essay. We hope it helps you understand better how to write a critical essay. In addition, you may contact us 24/7 to request custom narrative essay written especially for you: Examples of Narrative Essays ...What kind of a kid was I? Ornery. Mean. Nice. A nice mean kid. I had a bad temper. My grandfather, who I never knew, was a professional soldier; he fought in the Civil War. He was a cavalry officer, and we had his sword in the house. I'd get mad once in a while and chase my sisters and anybody else who was in the way with that sword. Just to scare them. Sure, I wanted to be a ballplayer when I was a kid, but it wasn't my first love. Football was. My ambition was to be the greatest football player Notre Dame ever had. When I was ten, I was competing in football against fifteen-year-old kids. Running right over them. Knute Rockne was one of my idols. I heard him talk once on the radio, one of his inspirational talks. I'll never forget it. I'm very emotional. I cry at the movies. I still get the chills when I hear "The Star-Spangled Banner." I was a hell of a soccer player, too; in fact, I was declared a professional soccer player when I was fourteen years old. I was playing for the Catholic school in St. Louis when some guy came along and offered me $50 to kick soccer one Sunday. He was trying to compete against the pros in St. Louis, and he was signing all the kids from the Catholic schools who could kick soccer and who could run. And he was giving us $50, which was a lot of money. My dad was making $25 a week and supporting twelve children... Did you like the above example? Would you like to have such a narrative essay written especially for you? We are working 24/7 to provide you with professional narrative essay writing service at any time of day and night you may need our help.There is no topic we cannot handle. Popular posts: Research Paper Example Psychology Research Papers Persuasive Research Paper Papers Psychology Research Paper Religion Research

Illustrate how a positive communication climate contributes to Essay - 3

Illustrate how a positive communication climate contributes to sustaining social, personal, and professional relationships - Essay Example This paper will review the importance of a positive communication climate to individuals irrespective of the relationship that they may be having. In sustaining personal relationships, positive communication climate enables one to feel valued in a relationship. This means that for those in a relationship, the purpose of open communication leads to a better understanding. This creates an avenue for the sharing of intimate thoughts, and ideas for the relationship to blossom (Segrin, 2005). Often, they communicate in a manner that shows affection to the person they are communicating with, and the language is often courteous. The interaction between them could be verbal and/or non-verbal, but it has to be very respectful. Professionally, a good communication climate can lead to the formation of a very conducive working environment. Being involved in the decision making process can enable the subordinate stuff, or employees to feel appreciated, and valued. There, however, should be a line between the employer, and the employee (Troester, 2007). This ensures that each and every organization has effort accountability. Showing support and encouraging fellow workmates can improve this professional relationship. Socially, people will get to communicate, and interact much more often. Approaching someone can be a very hard task, especially if they are new to you. However, all this can change if people were confident enough, and exhumed an aura of good nature around them. Everybody wants to know, and find a loveable person. This is hard nowadays as everyone is interested in doing their own thing, and finding means, and a way of survival (Troester, 2007). Considering personal relationships, it is very easy to meet new people (Wood, 2010). This is due to technological advances made over the past decade. Friendships have been made in social networking sites that exist today. Friendships grow