buy custom McCarthy Construction Company essay

buy custom McCarthy Construction Company essay One of the Companies that are not currently in my country is McCarthy Construction Company. McCarthy is a Construction Company that was founded in 1864 in the United States of America and is therefore one of the nations largest provider of construction services. It first started by building farmhouses. The Company is a pivotal partner that is involved in the building and construction of the countrys civil and industrial infrastructure. The companys portfolio is further marked with the construction of railways, key roads, dams and ports. The Company has been listed as one the leading construction Company in United States. If the company was to enter into my country with a view of taking construction contracts, then it is vital for it to change its business model in order to succeed in its business. With the globalization of markets as well as production, it is essential for the company to evaluate its international strategy when entering new markets through the use of various options. In order to compete on the global arena, the company will have to change its business model through employing and implementing the 3As strategy in order to succeed. This refers to Adaptation, aggregation and Arbitrage. The use of Adaptation by McCarthy Construction Company when entering a new market in my country will be aimed at boosting the companys market share and revenues through maximization of the companys local revenue. Adaptation will also enable the company to adapt towards the different cultures of the societies that it has established in their operations making it easier for it to make sales locally. This will be done through the creation of local units responsible for handling the supply chain in each of the national market. In addition, McCarthy Construction Company, as it seeks to enter into a new market in our country will have to use aggregation as a strategy for its expansion. This will ensure that the Company make attempts at delivering economies of scale through c reation of either regional or global operations which will involve standardization of services or products grouping and offering together with the production and development process. McCarthy Construction Company will have to make the necessary changes in its business model when entering the new country and market through application of arbitrage. This will involve the exploitation of existing differences between regional or national markets through the location of separate parts in the supply chain that is prevalent in different places. McCarthy Construction Company will therefore be obliged to choose one or more of the 3 major strategic options of Aggregation, Adaptation and Arbitrage because they are associated with different types of organizations. However, McCarthy Construction, as a company must place major emphasis on Arbitrage because being functional and vertical, it will put explicit attention towards the balancing of demand and supply across and within organizational boundaries. Business leaders in the company should therefore figure out the elements which will meet McCarthy Construction Companys needs and accordingly prioritize them (Ogbor, 2009). In conclusion, the entering of McCarthy Construction Company in my country and the subsequent changes that will be made by the company on its business model will either break it or make it to succeed. If the changes made to the companys business model are carried out positively, it is definite that the company will succeed in its business endeavors in the country. However, if such changes on the companys business model are not done carefully, then it is obvious that it will be difficult for the company to succeed in my home nation. In order to succeed, the company should therefore ensure that the new elements meant to change its business model become good organizational fits and focus is placed on either one or two of the three As. The McCarthy Construction Companys Business Model should therefore be done carefully and strategically with a view of enabling the companies succeed in its business career in the new country. First Solars Multinational Business Context (Technology, Competition, Markets e.t.c) and its internal resources First Solar was founded as a glass company by Harold McMaster who was a glass genius. The company is known for changing the way through which the world is powered through creation of sustainable solutions of solar energy. Technology The current photovoltaic industry was categorized into two technological camps namely: those that believed in the achievement of lower costs through the application of high efficient but high costs cells and those that believed in low cost, moderately efficient solar aimed at reaching these goals. First Solar therefore made use of much cheaper glass commodities to back its cells instead of making use of high-cost c-Si that was ultra pure. Only a small amount of expensive semiconductor material which was light-converting was used to coat the cells. First Solars Market Strategy First Solar, during ts first decade of operation depended on markets having large current subsidies in order to sell its modules. Subsidies were the only channel of encouraging investment in technology because solar had not yet been cost competitive with generational conventions. Shifting towards sustainable markets that supported the demand of PV solar with economic fundamentals and transition became the long term plan for First Solar as a company. Experience curve learnings were provided through subsidy markets which allowed the company to increase their competitiveness in relation to conventional generation. Scaling up enabled the companys cost to drop fast (Winslow, 2011). First Solar Started talking openly about its intentions of pursuing sustainable markets and transition in 2009. For the company, transition markets are those with a light subsidy like for instance the ITC in the United States together with favorable conditions for generation of solar. These transition markets resulted in high cost applications and competition in PV solar costs having peak loads. On the other hand, sustainable markets regard those ones which needed no subsidy and whose conditions are favorable enough to manufacture PV solar costs at competitive prices and conventional generation. The application of this strategy by First Solar was different with that of its competitors who sought their expansion by growing within the existing subsidy markets. First Solar was therefore capable of accessing markets with the lower price points as compared to its competitors because of its superior cost position in the industry. First Solar attained a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals because of the downstream integration. The company was able to maintain profitability even though the United States Solar market matured to the extent that the company could no longer find it necessary for it to participate in EPC and development to drive the volume growth. The use of the integrated model by First Solar abolished conflicts as well as helped the company achieve all its benefits. How First Solar should use home base, portfolio, hub, platform, and/or mandate approaches as options for its multinational business structure in the next decade First Solar should use a Homebase approach in its multinational business structure by establishing a base of its major operations or headquarter to enable it coordinate its business from both local and international chains. This will enable the company be better placed in addressing the challenges facing its branches in various parts of the world. The creation of a home base will serve as an office or administrative centre for the company. First Solar should also use portfolio management to make decisions regarding policy and investment mix, match its investments to objectives, asset allocation for institutions and individuals and to balance risk against the companys performance. The company should therefore use portfolio management to ascertain its weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities in order to maximize returns. In order to establish a good multinational business structure, First Solar should establish a hub, or a city in which its major operations or facilities should be housed so that the companys operations are efficient. The company should also use relevant platforms like facebook, Google, Windows Mobile, twitter and other social networking to market its products. This will help the company to manage and deploy its range of products in a competitive manner. Platform strategies will also enable the company to achieve generation and innovation of new revenue growth through leveraging of existing modules, brands and sub-system technologies. Anatina Toyss Value Chain and Key Competencies Since the year 1949, the Anatina Toys is known to have manufactured close to 400 billion tiny tyres, plastic bricks and inter-compatible play pieces making it to become the fifth largest toy maker in the world. In 1992, the group was able to achieve remarkable success by attaining or capturing 80% of the United States toy market. However, from the year 2001 to 2004, the group underwent significant financial difficulties because of internal problems and adverse industry changes. As a result, the group has launched a turn around strategy aimed at the establishment of a profitable core platform to prepare the Group for growth. Further, the company aims at using the best offshoring or outsourcing in order to increase the company profits (Ireland, et al, 2008). Despite the fact that ANATINA TOYS brand is a unique resource in the Group, the Groups former portfolio which was horizontally integrated did not become the best alternative strategy of leveraging the Groups name. Key themes are run known to run through the Anatina Toyss changes to its value chain. This is through changes in the Companys Sales, Marketing and Product Generation. The Company refocused on its brink products in order to differentiate itself from its rivals with lower quality. Through making relevant changes in manufacturing and distribution, the Company was able to drive its costs down in order to move closer to the Groups effiiciency frontier. Anatina Toys has been successful in pushing for Willingness to Pay Volume and Cost through refocusing on the companys core competency of marketing and developing creative products while cooperating simultaneously with its partners across the companys Value Chain. In order to augment the companys position in the industry as a premium toy brand, Anatina Toys has established a long term operating margin for Manufacture, Distribution, product generation and generation sourcing. Good performance was sustained in LEGOs single product through building the companys value chain and thus greatly enabled it to succeed. The Anatina Toys, having a production of about 24 billion annually, rationalized sourcing using economies of scale together with the opportunity of drastically reducing production complexity through targeting large sub-contractors. A decision was made that Production was to be outsourced to various partners. For instance, most of the products were outsourced predominantly to Flextronics. Flextronics, which was a leading multinational company dealing in electronic manufacturing services and based in Singapore became Anatina Toyss biggest partner in production that was undertaken. The outsourcing and offshoring services offered by Flextronics did not satisfy or meet the needs of Anatina Toys and thus the company withdrew from the deal. However, at the end, ANATINA TOYS was not satisfied with the effectiveness offered by Flextronics in the facilities that were outsourced. It was learnt by the company that even though outsourcing looked liked the best solution towards their problems, it was later ascertained that this was not to be. LEGOs production Value Chain is based on the Development function, Molding, Development of Molding Machines, Pre-pack, assembling, Post-pack and distribution. Given the three stages of Anatina Toys Outsourcing or offshoring, there is need for the company to adopt the best outsourcing/off shoring functions that will enable the company to achieve maximum profits. The challenges encountered in the Pre-Flextronics, during Flextronics and in the Post-Flextronics eras should serve as a lesson for the Anatina Toys to select the best outsourcing/offshoring functions of the value chain. This will ensure that Anatina Toys achieves its business targets and increases its profitability. For a start, the company should back source the plants that were operated by its Strategic partner-Flextronics and maintain its relationships with a small number of its smaller external suppliers. This will enable faster and easier distribution of its products towards the intended markets thus increasing the companys productivity. However, the company should be ready to overcome some of the challenges that may arise as a result of adapting the new methods of outsourcing. Among some of the possible challenges that may arise includes optimization and stabilization of operations during the various stages of transition. The company should also be capable of predominantly balancing the internal supply capacity with the Groups market demands. Overcoming such challenges will make it possible for the company to get the best partners for offshoring or outsourcing its products and services. Anatina Toys should apply the district forms of global strategy of the three As of Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage in order to succeed in its business activities. By maximizing the Groups local relevance, the companys market share and revenue will be greatly boosted. This can be achieved through creating of local units or branches in each of the companys national market to carry out the task of supplying. This strategy should be used by the company as it starts its new expansion strategies beyond their markets based in home. In order to achieve economies of scale and therefore ensure that the best outsourcing channel is selected, attempts should be made to achieve economies of scale through aggregation. This will involve the standardization of Anatina Toyss service or product offering together with the production and development process. In addition, Anatina Toys should also exploit the differences between its regional and national markets when selecting the best methods of out sourcing or offshoring. This will involve the location of various parts of the supply chain located in different places of the Groups operations. Through the use of the AAA triangle, Anatina Toys will be having a clear strategy for its managers and thus be better placed in choosing the best strategies for outsourcing or offshoring. The percentage of sales that is spent on the companys advertising costs will be an indication of the importance of adaptation for the company while the percentage that is incurred in R D will serve as a proxy for the importance that aggregation has on the Anatina Toys. The importance of arbitrage is gauged through the percentage that is spent on labor. The Anatina Toys should therefore strive at achieving best production and distribution standards and select best outsourcing and offshoring partners which will ensure that the company is driven towards greater heights. Buy custom McCarthy Construction Company essay

Reaction Attachment Disorder - SmartCustomWriting.com Samples

Reaction Attachment Disorder - SmartCustomWriting.com Reaction Attachment DisorderAbstract The definition of reactive attachment disorder has been provided in this paper followed by a brief introduction to the symptoms of the disorder. The positive and negative outcomes and their impact on relationships has been put forward. The causes of the reactive attachment disorder amongst infants and adults have been tackled. Finally, the various treatment strategies as addressed by empirical research have concluded the paper. Introduction This is a severe uncommon disorder that affects children. The disorder is characterized by poor or inappropriate social interactions or excessive interactions depicted by children even with strangers. In most cases the child appears to be disturbed in terms of making the normal social interactions from all contexts. During early childhood, it is expected that the child develops attachments to the caregiver with the normal socialization models. The care giver in this case could even be the mother or any other person charged with the responsibility of taking care of the child. However with the disorder such an attachment is not achieved because of a number of factors ranging from child abuse, neglect, genetic, environment or even separation from the child in the early stages of development. (Cappelletty, Brown,Shumate,2005). Children with Reaction Attachment Disorder (RAD) have social interaction models that appear to be grossly disturbed and can be the main cause of future behavior problems later on in life. The symptoms of the disorder vary from behavior problems to socialization problems as depicted by researchers. (Fairchild, 2006). Symptoms Behavior problems Children with RAD are clearly noticed with aggressive and oppositional behaviors at their young age.Most research findings have demonstrated that  Ã‚   RAD children are not affectionate to their parents and they lack eye contact on parents. Such children can be indiscriminately attracted to strangers unlike in the normal cases. They also tend to be very destructive on their self and other kids. For instance they are always in trouble and prone to accidents than other children. In most cases, they would want to be given more attention than anybody else.   They are also prone to vices such as stealing and lying. Such can tell lies even for the obvious things. Evidence from empirical studies also indicate that RAD children often like asking non sense and annoying questions to their friends and their care takers. In terms of knowledge and learning, researchers have indicated that the children normally lag behind in language and other cognitive skills. In cases where the children have been left with pets and other animals, they have tended to display a cruel behavior towards the animals. From empirical studies, children with RAD display a variety of symptoms that are unusual and clearly reflect their disturbed attachments. (Shaw Paez,2007). Negative outcomes of the disorder Undesirable behaviors are part and parcel of children who have Reaction Attachment Disorder. In some cases the children have depicted erratic mood swings. The unpredictable behavior can be in the form of clinging to hanging and swearing. In studies where the children with the disorder have been assessed, the results have shown that the children stated concerns about being mad and crazy. In some cases, psychiatric analysis has pointed pointed out that the child here’s a voice instructing to do a particular undesirable activity. Research has also shown evidence of children not showing affection to their parents as a result of the disorder. Bad behaviors such as stealing unnecessarily and lying can be quite a common thing amongst the children with the disorder. (Schechter Willheim,2009). Delayed social and cognitive development. Children with Reaction Attachment Disorder can experience delayed development in their cognitive abilities. In most cases the children find difficulties and are completely unable to accomplish cognitive tasks assigned to them in school or by the caregivers. Delayed cognitive development can be indicated in such cases with mild mental retardation. In terms of social development affected children can depict immature socialization and inappropriate behaviors. The behavior of the children can also be indiscriminate social interaction with lack of abilities to regulate emotions such as anger. The children can also show lack of attention and concentration while in the company of caregivers and other children. Language deficiency is also associated with the children with the disorder. Affected children can experience difficulties in receptive and expressive skills. The child may be unable to undertake comprehension and articulation exercises. (Schwartz, DavisAndrew,2006). Positive outcomes The interruptive and controlling behavior of children with Reaction Attachment Disorder can be made useful in terms of leadership. This is in light of the fact that they have tendencies of believing that they are more powerful than the rest. The children therefore do not find it comfortable to be led or influenced by others. In their ability to have control over what others are doing, RAD children can end up being chosen as young leaders. This is also achieved positively because they are able to make others focus on what they do. By this they easily manage to influence and lead others. In future such an   ability can grow and develop into future leaders in business and in the corporate world. Growing up and developing independently is a positive outcomes of RAD. In most cases children develop attachment to their parents at a very tender age. Most of them are unable to live independently without the affection from the parents.   With or without parents, RAD children would still continue living and achieve education and other important goals. The reduced attachment and dependency on parents should therefore be viewed as a strength because the children cannot break down in case something happened to the care givers. In future such children could also develop into powerful people in the society who are self driven and highly motivated. A good historical example was provided by Adolf Hitler who suffered the disorder in his early childhood. The ability of the RAD children to depend on themselves is a very important positive outcome. This is because they can easily confront the challenges that come in their way without involving other children or care givers.   This can make such children develop talents and other skills that can benefit them in their future lives. For instance independent thought and decision making can be greatly developed in such children more than their counterparts who are so much dependent on caregivers and colleagues. Causes of Reaction Attachment Disorder (RAD). Child abuse Abuse has become a common threat amongst young children and it has been blamed by most researchers to be a cause of this severe disorder. Abuse can be physical, emotional and even sexual. Psychologists argue that when the child is subjected to abuse in any form, the risk of developing an attachment disorder is very high. In most cases, child who have been subjected to abuse by their caregivers, siblings or parents often are impulsive towards the people who caused the problem. Later own this can be transferred to other people hence a reaction attachment disorder. (Fairchild, 2006). Neglect In normal situations, it is expected that a parent should take care of the child to ensure that all the needs are met as the child undergoes growth and development. Child neglect is a common problem among teenage mothers and other cases. Research has indicated that children who have been neglected lack the love and affection of parents or primary care givers. The children struggle on their own and they fail to develop the necessary attachment to their parents. In such cases , the children are forced to socialize on their own and this can greatly interfere with their different aspects of development. In some cases, the symptoms of the disorder have been noticed in children who have been separated from the primary care givers. If the mother was the source of primary care for the child when the mother is separated from the child due to factors such as death or any other separation, the child might fail to initiate attachments with other people. This has been mentioned by sociologists and they argue that it is a common case during early adolescence. Foster parents who have adopted children who have pasts full of abuse and neglect have experienced behaviors in the children that are associated with the disorder. The most common behavior in the aggressive behavior that has been witnessed by most of the foster parents. (Guttmann-Steinmetz Crowell, 2006). Genetic constitution of the infant. The genetic constitution of the child can also predispose the child to RAD. This is still under the aspects of poor maternal care and its impact on the child’s development. Infants are normally born with different genetic profiles some which can result in the attachment and behavior disorders. There is a strong growing body of evidence from animal and clinical studies that suggests that the infant’s genetic constitution is very important in the reaction towards pathogenic environments. In the genetic makeup of the child , there are genes that are in charge or releasing the neuronal hormones that shape the child’s attachments to the mother or primary care giver. From this point of view, it is more likely that some children become susceptible to disturbed attachment depending on the nature of their genes. In light of this issue, several genes have been cited to have an effect on attachment and detachment of the child. For instance vasopressin and serotoninergic hav e been implicated in studies of attachment disorders. (Hardy, 2007) Maternal Ambivalence This involves the various reactions and processes the expectant mothers go through which might affect the developing child. It is vital to mention that in some communities, cultures can exert a lot of pressure on the mother. The way the mother responds to the cultural pressures determines the risk to attachment disorders. In some cases the mother is supposed to deal with stressful situations such as uncooperative husbands or separation issues and they all affect the relationship with the child. In cases where mothers have responded with mixed reactions on the child chances of forming stronger ties with the child even after birth become slim hence making the child to develop RAD symptoms. (Hardy, 2007) Inheritance A number of   studies have pointed out the role played by poor motherhood in the occurrence of RAD in infants. It is vital to mention that emotional and cognitive aspects of the mother can predispose the child to the attachment disorder. There are studies which have been done on primate mothers have indicated that mothers have the potential of influencing the future behavior of their children in relation to the disorder. Specifically they have concluded that nonhuman mothers who were abused at infant stage are more likely to abuse their children hence leading to the development of the disorder in their off springs. This was observed in both the children raised by their biological mothers as well as those raised by their non biological mothers. Maternal anxiety and other emotions in relation to bad behavior of the child has also been indicated by research to affect the child. Children who have behavior problems and are difficult to manage can trigger anxiety amongst mothers and if i t is not handled carefully, it can result in the disturbed attachment in the infants of 4 years. The goodness of fit in the mothers environment has also been associated with triggering factors of the disorder. Sociologists argue that the mother has to be well equipped with the right attitudes and skills that can control the external environment of the child. This is applicable to infants who are unresponsive and quiet and also those who are irritable and repulsive. With such a control, the mother is able to reduce the risk of the environment in triggering symptoms of the disorder. (Hardy, 2007) Treatment/Therapy Therapy and management of reaction attachment disorder requires a lot of patience from the people involved. Immediate success upon commencement of the therapy should not be anticipated. Infants and adolescents are often oppositional and aggressive and can test the limits of external controls and rules. The therapists must therefore be prepared for little appreciation from the patients while at the same time expects the negative feedback in terms of behavior of the patients. (Hoffman,   Marvin, Cooper Powell, 2006). Empirical studies have identified various treatments for reactive attachment disorder. One of the most common strategy has been psychotherapy and has taken different dimensions while utilizing theories such as that of attachment. Becker-Weidman has articulated the Dyadic development psychotherapy. The researcher argues that symptoms of the disorder have declined to a great extent in cases where the method has been applied effectively. The therapy is based on the attachment theory and it is founded on the premise that the current situation of the child is the most essential in reducing the symptoms while at the same time the experiences of the child should be looked into. Building a relationship with the child is a key aspect of this treatment. The proponent argues that it is through the knowledge of the child’s background and experiences that workable relationships can be built with the care giver. In an environment where there is safety of the child, the therapist models heal thy attachment modes. The RAD child is given a chance to re-experience the traumatic situations and in the event new feelings are triggered and expressed. (Becker-Weidman, 2006). Cycle of security therapy This is a strategy that uses the secure and non secure attachment designs. The process is led by a therapist who addresses the children and the care givers. One of the goals of the therapy is to develop a secure working environment between the children and the caregiver. The goal then shifts to the attention and sensitivity and responsibility that looks into the attachment needs of the child. The ability to recognize the verbal and non-verbal cues is enhanced by the methods. (Hoffman, Marvin, Cooper Powell, 2006). Another therapy that has been put forward through empirical research is known a eye desensitization and reprocessing. Such a therapy in founded on the assumption that traumatic episodes are trapped rather than processed by the brain. Each and every aspect of the negative experiences continue to be reactivated every now and then and they have an impact on the victim of the disorder. Children who suffered abuse and neglect continue to visualize these bad experiences and it interferes with their abilities to form relationships with their caregivers. This therapy has the potential of diminishing the unfortunate experiences of abuse and neglect and replaces them with positive feelings such as those of happiness and hope. The RAD infants are therefore able to continue with a normal life that is full of excitement and positive attitude towards others hence attachments. (Newman, 2007). Medications for other conditions that might be affecting the child with RAD has also shown positive results according to empirical research. Studies have continued to point that conditions such as anxiety and depression might be very influential towards the behavior of adolescents. In cases where these conditions have been kept at bay, reactive attachment disorder symptoms have reduced tremendously. Counseling Individual psychological counseling can be of great help to children suffering from the attachment disorder. In this case, the therapist who can be the parent or care giver should seek psychological counseling on how to bring back attachment relations with the affected child.   The caretaker can also attend the counseling sessions with the affected child for the psychologists to have a first- hand experience with the patient. Empirical studies have shown that RAD children who are given medicine by the psychologists would show diminishing behavior problems with application of therapy. In these studies the patients were enrolled in a three year program. During the three years counseling was applied and it resulted in positive results with changed behavior in the children. Specifically the patients developed attachments with their adopted mothers and they showed a diminishing trend in the oppositional and aggressive behavior. (Haggard Hazan, 2006). Play therapy This form of therapy makes use of a number of important aspects in forming attachments between the caregiver and the child. The balance of structure, nurturance and play are key in this case in the formation of attachments. As recorded by Weir (2007), modifying theraplay is a crucial step towards helping the child with attachment problems. The approach is applicable to children of upto 12 years. The sessions are designed to last for one hour per week and should last between 10 to 20 weeks. The facets that are key towards better attachments include structure, challenge, stimulation and nurturing as mentioned by Pzybylo (2002). Structure in theraplay refers to the groundwork in which times rules are set and reviewed for the sake of establishing the structure. The challenge pertains to the scenario where the participation of parents and children is required whether they like it or not. Participation of these two important stakeholders ensures that the required tasks are completed as set to realize the objectives. Engagement has to be undertaken in the therapy so as to attract the children and ensure they are in the process of changing their behavior. Nurturing has been considered to be a very important aspect of play therapy by the research. It is through nurturing that the desirable bonds are established between the care giver and the child. A sense of security is very essential for the child. Empirical research had provided evidence that affirms that the more secure the environment formed by the caregiver, the stronger the attachments that are established between the child and the care giver. (Newman, 2007). Conclusion. Reactive attachment disorder manifests itself in different behavior problems and has an impact on the relationships between infants and their care givers. It is vital to understand the symptoms of the disorder before choosing the appropriate therapy. Empirical research has shown the success that has been achieved by various treatment methods   that have been discussed in the paper. References Becker?Weidman, P. A. (2006). Treatment for children with trauma attachment disorders:   Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapies. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 23 (2), 147?171. Cappelletty, G. G., Brown, M. M., Shumate, S. E. (2005). Correlates of the Randolph   Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ) in a sample of children in foster placement. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 22 (1), 71?84. Fairchild, S. R. (2006). Understanding attachment: Reliability and validity of selected attachment measures for preschoolers and children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 235?261. Guttmann-Steinmetz S, Crowell JA (2006). "Attachment and externalizing disorders: a developmental psychopathology perspective". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45 (4): 440–51. Hardy, L. T. (2007). Attachment theory and reactive attachment disorder: Theoretical perspectives and treatment implications. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 27?39. Hoffman, K. T., Marvin, R. S., Cooper, G., Powell, B. (2006). Changing toddlers' and preschoolers' attachment classifications: The Circle of Security intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 1017?1026. Haugaard, J, J.; Hazan, Cindy.(2006).Recognizing and Treating Uncommon Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents Who Have Been Severely Maltreated: Reactive Attachment Disorder. Child Maltreatment, Vol 9(2), May 2007. pp. 154-160. Mukaddes, N Motavalli; Kaynak, F. Nimet; Kinali, Gulsevim.(2005). Psychoeducational Treatment of Children with Autism and Reactive Attachment Disorder. Autism The International Journal of Research and Practice, v8 n1 p101-109 Mar 2005. Newman L, Mares S (2007). "Recent advances in the theories of and interventions with attachment disorders". Curr Opin Psychiatry 20 (4): 343–8 Schwartz, Eric; Davis, Andrew S.. (2006). Reactive attachment disorder: Implications for school readiness and school functioning.Psychology in the Schools, Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p471-479, 9p; DOI: 10.1002/pits.20161. Shaw, S. R., Paez, D. (2007). Reactive attachment disorder: Recognition, action, and considerations for school social workers. Children and Schools , 69?74. Schechter DS, Willheim E (2009). Disturbances of attachment and parental psychopathology in early childhood. Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Issue. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 18(3), 665-687. Weir, P. K. (2007). Using integrative play therapy with adoptive families to treat reactive attachmentdisorder: A case study. Journal of Family Psychotherapy , 18 (4), 1?16.